MusicPlayerPlus

Featureful ncurses based MPD client inspired by ncmpc with integration for Beets, spectrum visualization,Bandcamp/Soundcloud, asciimatics, cantata, and more

Project maintained by doctorfree Hosted on GitHub Pages — Theme by ronrecord

NAME

beetsconfig - Beets media library management system configuration

DESCRIPTION

Beets has an extensive configuration system that lets you customize nearly every aspect of its operation. To configure beets, you create a file called config.yaml. The location of the file depend on your platform (type beet config -p to see the path on your system):

On Unix-like OSes, write ~/.config/beets/config.yaml.
On Windows, use %APPDATA%\beets\config.yaml. This is usually in a directory like C:\Users\You\AppData\Roaming.
On OS X, you can use either the Unix location or ~/Library/Application Support/beets/config.yaml.

You can launch your text editor to create or update your configuration by typing beet config -e. (See the config-cmd command for details.) It is also possible to customize the location of the configuration file and even use multiple layers of configuration. See Configuration Location, below.

The config file uses YAML syntax. You can use the full power of YAML, but most configuration options are simple key/value pairs. This means your config file will look like this:

option: value
another_option: foo
bigger_option:
    key: value
    foo: bar

In YAML, you will need to use spaces (not tabs!) to indent some lines. If you have questions about more sophisticated syntax, take a look at the YAML documentation.

The rest of this page enumerates the dizzying litany of configuration options available in beets. You might also want to see an example <config-example>.

Global Options

These options control beets' global operation.

library

Path to the beets library file. By default, beets will use a file called library.db alongside your configuration file.

plugins

A space-separated list of plugin module names to load. See using-plugins.

include

A space-separated list of extra configuration files to include. Filenames are relative to the directory containing config.yaml.

pluginpath

Directories to search for plugins. Each Python file or directory in a plugin path represents a plugin and should define a subclass of BeetsPlugin. A plugin can then be loaded by adding the filename to the [plugins] configuration. The plugin path can either be a single string or a list of strings---so, if you have multiple paths, format them as a YAML list like so:

pluginpath:
    - /path/one
    - /path/two

ignore

A list of glob patterns specifying file and directory names to be ignored when importing. By default, this consists of .*, *~, System Volume Information, lost+found (i.e., beets ignores Unix-style hidden files, backup files, and directories that appears at the root of some Linux and Windows filesystems).

ignore_hidden

Either yes or no; whether to ignore hidden files when importing. On Windows, the "Hidden" property of files is used to detect whether or not a file is hidden. On OS X, the file's "IsHidden" flag is used to detect whether or not a file is hidden. On both OS X and other platforms (excluding Windows), files (and directories) starting with a dot are detected as hidden files.

replace

A set of regular expression/replacement pairs to be applied to all filenames created by beets. Typically, these replacements are used to avoid confusing problems or errors with the filesystem (for example, leading dots, which hide files on Unix, and trailing whitespace, which is illegal on Windows). To override these substitutions, specify a mapping from regular expression to replacement strings. For example, [xy]: z will make beets replace all instances of the characters x or y with the character z.

If you do change this value, be certain that you include at least enough substitutions to avoid causing errors on your operating system. Here are the default substitutions used by beets, which are sufficient to avoid unexpected behavior on all popular platforms:

replace:
    '[\\/]': _
    '^\.': _
    '[\x00-\x1f]': _
    '[<>:"\?\*\|]': _
    '\.$': _
    '\s+$': ''
    '^\s+': ''
    '^-': _

These substitutions remove forward and back slashes, leading dots, and control characters—all of which is a good idea on any OS. The fourth line removes the Windows "reserved characters" (useful even on Unix for for compatibility with Windows-influenced network filesystems like Samba). Trailing dots and trailing whitespace, which can cause problems on Windows clients, are also removed.

When replacements other than the defaults are used, it is possible that they will increase the length of the path. In the scenario where this leads to a conflict with the maximum filename length, the default replacements will be used to resolve the conflict and beets will display a warning.

Note that paths might contain special characters such as typographical quotes (“”). With the configuration above, those will not be replaced as they don't match the typewriter quote ("). To also strip these special characters, you can either add them to the replacement list or use the asciify-paths configuration option below.

path_sep_replace

A string that replaces the path separator (for example, the forward slash / on Linux and MacOS, and the backward slash \\ on Windows) when generating filenames with beets. This option is related to replace, but is distict from it for technical reasons.

Changing this option is potentially dangerous. For example, setting it to the actual path separator could create directories in unexpected locations. Use caution when changing it and always try it out on a small number of files before applying it to your whole library.

Default: _.

asciify_paths

Convert all non-ASCII characters in paths to ASCII equivalents.

For example, if your path template for singletons is singletons/$title and the title of a track is "Café", then the track will be saved as singletons/Cafe.mp3. The changes take place before applying the replace configuration and are roughly equivalent to wrapping all your path templates in the %asciify{} template function <template-functions>.

This uses the unidecode module which is language agnostic, so some characters may be transliterated from a different language than expected. For example, Japanese kanji will usually use their Chinese readings.

Default: no.

art_filename

When importing album art, the name of the file (without extension) where the cover art image should be placed. This is a template string, so you can use any of the syntax available to /reference/pathformat. Defaults to cover (i.e., images will be named cover.jpg or cover.png and placed in the album's directory).

threaded

Either yes or no, indicating whether the autotagger should use multiple threads. This makes things substantially faster by overlapping work: for example, it can copy files for one album in parallel with looking up data in MusicBrainz for a different album. You may want to disable this when debugging problems with the autotagger. Defaults to yes.

format_item[]

Format to use when listing individual items with the list-cmd command and other commands that need to print out items. Defaults to $artist - $album - $title. The -f command-line option overrides this setting.

It used to be named [list_format_item].

format_album[]

Format to use when listing albums with list-cmd and other commands. Defaults to $albumartist - $album. The -f command-line option overrides this setting.

It used to be named [list_format_album].

sort_item

Default sort order to use when fetching items from the database. Defaults to artist+ album+ disc+ track+. Explicit sort orders override this default.

sort_album

Default sort order to use when fetching albums from the database. Defaults to albumartist+ album+. Explicit sort orders override this default.

sort_case_insensitive

Either yes or no, indicating whether the case should be ignored when sorting lexicographic fields. When set to no, lower-case values will be placed after upper-case values (e.g., Bar Qux foo), while yes would result in the more expected Bar foo Qux. Default: yes.

original_date

Either yes or no, indicating whether matched albums should have their year, month, and day fields set to the release date of the original version of an album rather than the selected version of the release. That is, if this option is turned on, then year will always equal original_year and so on. Default: no.

artist_credit

Either yes or no, indicating whether matched tracks and albums should use the artist credit, rather than the artist. That is, if this option is turned on, then artist will contain the artist as credited on the release.

per_disc_numbering

A boolean controlling the track numbering style on multi-disc releases. By default (per_disc_numbering: no), tracks are numbered per-release, so the first track on the second disc has track number N+1 where N is the number of tracks on the first disc. If this per_disc_numbering is enabled, then the first (non-pregap) track on each disc always has track number 1.

If you enable per_disc_numbering, you will likely want to change your path-format-config also to include $disc before $track to make filenames sort correctly in album directories. For example, you might want to use a path format like this:

paths:
    default: $albumartist/$album%aunique{}/$disc-$track $title

When this option is off (the default), even "pregap" hidden tracks are numbered from one, not zero, so other track numbers may appear to be bumped up by one. When it is on, the pregap track for each disc can be numbered zero.

aunique

These options are used to generate a string that is guaranteed to be unique among all albums in the library who share the same set of keys.

The defaults look like this:

aunique:
    keys: albumartist album
    disambiguators: albumtype year label catalognum albumdisambig releasegroupdisambig
    bracket: '[]'

See aunique for more details.

terminal_encoding

The text encoding, as known to Python, to use for messages printed to the standard output. It's also used to read messages from the standard input. By default, this is determined automatically from the locale environment variables.

clutter

When beets imports all the files in a directory, it tries to remove the directory if it's empty. A directory is considered empty if it only contains files whose names match the glob patterns in [clutter], which should be a list of strings. The default list consists of "Thumbs.DB" and ".DS_Store".

The importer only removes recursively searched subdirectories---the top-level directory you specify on the command line is never deleted.

max_filename_length

Set the maximum number of characters in a filename, after which names will be truncated. By default, beets tries to ask the filesystem for the correct maximum.

id3v23

By default, beets writes MP3 tags using the ID3v2.4 standard, the latest version of ID3. Enable this option to instead use the older ID3v2.3 standard, which is preferred by certain older software such as Windows Media Player.

va_name

Sets the albumartist for various-artist compilations. Defaults to 'Various Artists' (the MusicBrainz standard). Affects other sources, such as /plugins/discogs, too.

UI Options

The options that allow for customization of the visual appearance of the console interface.

These options are available in this section:

color

Either yes or no; whether to use color in console output (currently only in the import command). Turn this off if your terminal doesn't support ANSI colors.

The [color] option was previously a top-level configuration. This is still respected, but a deprecation message will be shown until your top-level [color] configuration has been nested under [ui].

colors

The colors that are used throughout the user interface. These are only used if the color option is set to yes. For example, you might have a section in your configuration file that looks like this:

ui:
    color: yes
    colors:
        text_success: green
        text_warning: yellow
        text_error: red
        text_highlight: red
        text_highlight_minor: lightgray
        action_default: turquoise
        action: blue

Available colors: black, darkred, darkgreen, brown (darkyellow), darkblue, purple (darkmagenta), teal (darkcyan), lightgray, darkgray, red, green, yellow, blue, fuchsia (magenta), turquoise (cyan), white

Importer Options

The options that control the import-cmd command are indented under the import: key. For example, you might have a section in your configuration file that looks like this:

import:
    write: yes
    copy: yes
    resume: no

These options are available in this section:

write

Either yes or no, controlling whether metadata (e.g., ID3) tags are written to files when using beet import. Defaults to yes. The -w and -W command-line options override this setting.

copy

Either yes or no, indicating whether to copy files into the library directory when using beet import. Defaults to yes. Can be overridden with the -c and -C command-line options.

The option is ignored if move is enabled (i.e., beets can move or copy files but it doesn't make sense to do both).

move

Either yes or no, indicating whether to move files into the library directory when using beet import. Defaults to no.

The effect is similar to the copy option but you end up with only one copy of the imported file. ("Moving" works even across filesystems; if necessary, beets will copy and then delete when a simple rename is impossible.) Moving files can be risky—it's a good idea to keep a backup in case beets doesn't do what you expect with your files.

This option overrides copy, so enabling it will always move (and not copy) files. The -c switch to the beet import command, however, still takes precedence.

link

Either yes or no, indicating whether to use symbolic links instead of moving or copying files. (It conflicts with the move, copy and hardlink options.) Defaults to no.

This option only works on platforms that support symbolic links: i.e., Unixes. It will fail on Windows.

It's likely that you'll also want to set write to no if you use this option to preserve the metadata on the linked files.

hardlink

Either yes or no, indicating whether to use hard links instead of moving, copying, or symlinking files. (It conflicts with the move, copy, and link options.) Defaults to no.

As with symbolic links (see link, above), this will not work on Windows and you will want to set write to no. Otherwise, metadata on the original file will be modified.

reflink

Either yes, no, or auto, indicating whether to use copy-on-write file clones (a.k.a. "reflinks") instead of copying or moving files. The auto option uses reflinks when possible and falls back to plain copying when necessary. Defaults to no.

This kind of clone is only available on certain filesystems: for example, btrfs and APFS. For more details on filesystem support, see the pyreflink documentation. Note that you need to install pyreflink, either through python -m pip install beets[reflink] or python -m pip install reflink.

The option is ignored if move is enabled (i.e., beets can move or copy files but it doesn't make sense to do both).

resume

Either yes, no, or ask. Controls whether interrupted imports should be resumed. "Yes" means that imports are always resumed when possible; "no" means resuming is disabled entirely; "ask" (the default) means that the user should be prompted when resuming is possible. The -p and -P flags correspond to the "yes" and "no" settings and override this option.

incremental

Either yes or no, controlling whether imported directories are recorded and whether these recorded directories are skipped. This corresponds to the -i flag to beet import.

incremental_skip_later

Either yes or no, controlling whether skipped directories are recorded in the incremental list. When set to yes, skipped directories won't be recorded, and beets will try to import them again later. When set to no, skipped directories will be recorded, and skipped later. Defaults to no.

from_scratch

Either yes or no (default), controlling whether existing metadata is discarded when a match is applied. This corresponds to the --from_scratch flag to beet import.

quiet

Either yes or no (default), controlling whether to ask for a manual decision from the user when the importer is unsure how to proceed. This corresponds to the --quiet flag to beet import.

quiet_fallback

Either skip (default) or asis, specifying what should happen in quiet mode (see the -q flag to import, above) when there is no strong recommendation.

none_rec_action

Either ask (default), asis or skip. Specifies what should happen during an interactive import session when there is no recommendation. Useful when you are only interested in processing medium and strong recommendations interactively.

timid

Either yes or no, controlling whether the importer runs in timid mode, in which it asks for confirmation on every autotagging match, even the ones that seem very close. Defaults to no. The -t command-line flag controls the same setting.

log

Specifies a filename where the importer's log should be kept. By default, no log is written. This can be overridden with the -l flag to import.

default_action

One of apply, skip, asis, or none, indicating which option should be the default when selecting an action for a given match. This is the action that will be taken when you type return without an option letter. The default is apply.

languages

A list of locale names to search for preferred aliases. For example, setting this to en uses the transliterated artist name "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky" instead of the Cyrillic script for the composer's name when tagging from MusicBrainz. You can use a space-separated list of language abbreviations, like en jp es, to specify a preference order. Defaults to an empty list, meaning that no language is preferred.

detail

Whether the importer UI should show detailed information about each match it finds. When enabled, this mode prints out the title of every track, regardless of whether it matches the original metadata. (The default behavior only shows changes.) Default: no.

group_albums

By default, the beets importer groups tracks into albums based on the directories they reside in. This option instead uses files' metadata to partition albums. Enable this option if you have directories that contain tracks from many albums mixed together.

The --group-albums or -g option to the import-cmd command is equivalent, and the G interactive option invokes the same workflow.

Default: no.

autotag

By default, the beets importer always attempts to autotag new music. If most of your collection consists of obscure music, you may be interested in disabling autotagging by setting this option to no. (You can re-enable it with the -a flag to the import-cmd command.)

Default: yes.

duplicate_action

Either skip, keep, remove, merge or ask. Controls how duplicates are treated in import task. "skip" means that new item(album or track) will be skipped; "keep" means keep both old and new items; "remove" means remove old item; "merge" means merge into one album; "ask" means the user should be prompted for the action each time. The default is ask.

bell

Ring the terminal bell to get your attention when the importer needs your input.

Default: no.

set_fields

A dictionary indicating fields to set to values for newly imported music. Here's an example:

set_fields:
    genre: 'To Listen'
    collection: 'Unordered'

Other field/value pairs supplied via the --set option on the command-line override any settings here for fields with the same name.

Fields are set on both the album and each individual track of the album. Fields are persisted to the media files of each track.

Default: {} (empty).

MusicBrainz Options

You can instruct beets to use your own MusicBrainz database instead of the main server. Use the host, https and ratelimit options under a musicbrainz: header, like so:

musicbrainz:
    host: localhost:5000
    https: no
    ratelimit: 100

The host key, of course, controls the Web server hostname (and port, optionally) that will be contacted by beets (default: musicbrainz.org). The https key makes the client use HTTPS instead of HTTP. This setting applies only to custom servers. The official MusicBrainz server always uses HTTPS. (Default: no.) The server must have search indices enabled (see Building search indexes).

The ratelimit option, an integer, controls the number of Web service requests per second (default: 1). Do not change the rate limit setting if you're using the main MusicBrainz server---on this public server, you're limited to one request per second.

enabled

This option allows you to disable using MusicBrainz as a metadata source. This applies if you use plugins that fetch data from alternative sources and should make the import process quicker.

Default: yes.

searchlimit

The number of matches returned when sending search queries to the MusicBrainz server.

Default: 5.

extra_tags

By default, beets will use only the artist, album, and track count to query MusicBrainz. Additional tags to be queried can be supplied with the extra_tags setting. For example:

musicbrainz:
    extra_tags: [year, catalognum, country, media, label]

This setting should improve the autotagger results if the metadata with the given tags match the metadata returned by MusicBrainz.

Note that the only tags supported by this setting are the ones listed in the above example.

Default: []

genres

Use MusicBrainz genre tags to populate (and replace if it's already set) the genre tag. This will make it a list of all the genres tagged for the release and the release-group on MusicBrainz, separated by "; " and sorted by the total number of votes. Default: no

Autotagger Matching Options

You can configure some aspects of the logic beets uses when automatically matching MusicBrainz results under the match: section. To control how tolerant the autotagger is of differences, use the strong_rec_thresh option, which reflects the distance threshold below which beets will make a "strong recommendation" that the metadata be used. Strong recommendations are accepted automatically (except in "timid" mode), so you can use this to make beets ask your opinion more or less often.

The threshold is a distance value between 0.0 and 1.0, so you can think of it as the opposite of a similarity value. For example, if you want to automatically accept any matches above 90% similarity, use:

match:
    strong_rec_thresh: 0.10

The default strong recommendation threshold is 0.04.

The medium_rec_thresh and rec_gap_thresh options work similarly. When a match is below the medium recommendation threshold or the distance between it and the next-best match is above the gap threshold, the importer will suggest that match but not automatically confirm it. Otherwise, you'll see a list of options to choose from.

max_rec

As mentioned above, autotagger matches have recommendations that control how the UI behaves for a certain quality of match. The recommendation for a certain match is based on the overall distance calculation. But you can also control the recommendation when a specific distance penalty is applied by defining maximum recommendations for each field:

To define maxima, use keys under max_rec: in the match section. The defaults are "medium" for missing and unmatched tracks and "strong" (i.e., no maximum) for everything else:

match:
    max_rec:
        missing_tracks: medium
        unmatched_tracks: medium

If a recommendation is higher than the configured maximum and the indicated penalty is applied, the recommendation is downgraded. The setting for each field can be one of none, low, medium or strong. When the maximum recommendation is strong, no "downgrading" occurs. The available penalty names here are:

source
artist
album
media
mediums
year
country
label
catalognum
albumdisambig
album_id
tracks
missing_tracks
unmatched_tracks
track_title
track_artist
track_index
track_length
track_id

preferred

In addition to comparing the tagged metadata with the match metadata for similarity, you can also specify an ordered list of preferred countries and media types.

A distance penalty will be applied if the country or media type from the match metadata doesn't match. The specified values are preferred in descending order (i.e., the first item will be most preferred). Each item may be a regular expression, and will be matched case insensitively. The number of media will be stripped when matching preferred media (e.g. "2x" in "2xCD").

You can also tell the autotagger to prefer matches that have a release year closest to the original year for an album.

Here's an example:

match:
    preferred:
        countries: ['US', 'GB|UK']
        media: ['CD', 'Digital Media|File']
        original_year: yes

By default, none of these options are enabled.

ignored

You can completely avoid matches that have certain penalties applied by adding the penalty name to the ignored setting:

match:
    ignored: missing_tracks unmatched_tracks

The available penalties are the same as those for the max_rec setting.

For example, setting ignored: missing_tracks will skip any album matches where your audio files are missing some of the tracks. The importer will not attempt to display these matches. It does not ignore the fact that the album is missing tracks, which would allow these matches to apply more easily. To do that, you'll want to adjust the penalty for missing tracks.

required

You can avoid matches that lack certain required information. Add the tags you want to enforce to the required setting:

match:
    required: year label catalognum country

No tags are required by default.

ignored_media

A list of media (i.e., formats) in metadata databases to ignore when matching music. You can use this to ignore all media that usually contain video instead of audio, for example:

match:
    ignored_media: ['Data CD', 'DVD', 'DVD-Video', 'Blu-ray', 'HD-DVD',
                    'VCD', 'SVCD', 'UMD', 'VHS']

No formats are ignored by default.

ignore_data_tracks

By default, audio files contained in data tracks within a release are included in the album's tracklist. If you want them to be included, set it no.

Default: yes.

ignore_video_tracks

By default, video tracks within a release will be ignored. If you want them to be included (for example if you would like to track the audio-only versions of the video tracks), set it to no.

Default: yes.

Path Format Configuration

You can also configure the directory hierarchy beets uses to store music. These settings appear under the paths: key. Each string is a template string that can refer to metadata fields like $artist or $title. The filename extension is added automatically. At the moment, you can specify three special paths: default for most releases, comp for "various artist" releases with no dominant artist, and singleton for non-album tracks. The defaults look like this:

paths:
    default: $albumartist/$album%aunique{}/$track $title
    singleton: Non-Album/$artist/$title
    comp: Compilations/$album%aunique{}/$track $title

Note the use of $albumartist instead of $artist; this ensures that albums will be well-organized. For more about these format strings, see pathformat. The aunique{} function ensures that identically-named albums are placed in different directories; see aunique for details.

In addition to default, comp, and singleton, you can condition path queries based on beets queries (see /reference/query). This means that a config file like this:

paths:
    albumtype:soundtrack: Soundtracks/$album/$track $title

will place soundtrack albums in a separate directory. The queries are tested in the order they appear in the configuration file, meaning that if an item matches multiple queries, beets will use the path format for the first matching query.

Note that the special singleton and comp path format conditions are, in fact, just shorthand for the explicit queries singleton:true and comp:true. In contrast, default is special and has no query equivalent: the default format is only used if no queries match.

Configuration Location

The beets configuration file is usually located in a standard location that depends on your OS, but there are a couple of ways you can tell beets where to look.

Environment Variable

First, you can set the BEETSDIR environment variable to a directory containing a config.yaml file. This replaces your configuration in the default location. This also affects where auxiliary files, like the library database, are stored by default (that's where relative paths are resolved to). This environment variable is useful if you need to manage multiple beets libraries with separate configurations.

Command-Line Option

Alternatively, you can use the --config command-line option to indicate a YAML file containing options that will then be merged with your existing options (from BEETSDIR or the default locations). This is useful if you want to keep your configuration mostly the same but modify a few options as a batch. For example, you might have different strategies for importing files, each with a different set of importer options.

Default Location

In the absence of a BEETSDIR variable, beets searches a few places for your configuration, depending on the platform:

On Unix platforms, including OS X:~/.config/beets and then $XDG_CONFIG_DIR/beets, if the environment variable is set.
On OS X, we also search ~/Library/Application Support/beets before the Unixy locations.
On Windows: ~\AppData\Roaming\beets, and then %APPDATA%\beets, if the environment variable is set.

Beets uses the first directory in your platform's list that contains config.yaml. If no config file exists, the last path in the list is used.

Example

Here's an example file:

directory: /var/mp3
import:
    copy: yes
    write: yes
    log: beetslog.txt
art_filename: albumart
plugins: bpd
pluginpath: ~/beets/myplugins
ui:
    color: yes

paths:
    default: $genre/$albumartist/$album/$track $title
    singleton: Singletons/$artist - $title
    comp: $genre/$album/$track $title
    albumtype:soundtrack: Soundtracks/$album/$track $title

Path Formats

The paths: section of the config file (see config) lets you specify the directory and file naming scheme for your music library. Templates substitute symbols like $title (any field value prefixed by $) with the appropriate value from the track's metadata. Beets adds the filename extension automatically.

For example, consider this path format string: $albumartist/$album/$track $title

Here are some paths this format will generate:

Yeah Yeah Yeahs/It's Blitz!/01 Zero.mp3
Spank Rock/YoYoYoYoYo/11 Competition.mp3
The Magnetic Fields/Realism/01 You Must Be Out of Your Mind.mp3

Because $ is used to delineate a field reference, you can use $$ to emit a dollars sign. As with Python template strings, ${title} is equivalent to $title; you can use this if you need to separate a field name from the text that follows it.

A Note About Artists

Note that in path formats, you almost certainly want to use $albumartist and not $artist. The latter refers to the "track artist" when it is present, which means that albums that have tracks from different artists on them (like Stop Making Sense, for example) will be placed into different folders! Continuing with the Stop Making Sense example, you'll end up with most of the tracks in a "Talking Heads" directory and one in a "Tom Tom Club" directory. You probably don't want that! So use $albumartist.

As a convenience, however, beets allows $albumartist to fall back to the value for $artist and vice-versa if one tag is present but the other is not.

Template Functions

Beets path formats also support function calls, which can be used to transform text and perform logical manipulations. The syntax for function calls is like this: %func{arg,arg}. For example, the upper function makes its argument upper-case, so %upper{beets rocks} will be replaced with BEETS ROCKS. You can, of course, nest function calls and place variable references in function arguments, so %upper{$artist} becomes the upper-case version of the track's artists.

These functions are built in to beets:

%lower{text}: Convert text to lowercase.
%upper{text}: Convert text to UPPERCASE.
%title{text}: Convert text to Title Case.
%left{text,n}: Return the first n characters of text.
%right{text,n}: Return the last n characters of text.
%if{condition,text} or %if{condition,truetext,falsetext}: If condition is nonempty (or nonzero, if it's a number), then returns the second argument. Otherwise, returns the third argument if specified (or nothing if falsetext is left off).
%asciify{text}: Convert non-ASCII characters to their ASCII equivalents. For example, "café" becomes "cafe". Uses the mapping provided by the unidecode module. See the asciify-paths configuration option.
%aunique{identifiers,disambiguators,brackets}: Provides a unique string to disambiguate similar albums in the database. See aunique, below.
%time{date_time,format}: Return the date and time in any format accepted by strftime. For example, to get the year some music was added to your library, use %time{$added,%Y}.
%first{text}: Returns the first item, separated by ; (a semicolon followed by a space). You can use %first{text,count,skip}, where count is the number of items (default 1) and skip is number to skip (default 0). You can also use %first{text,count,skip,sep,join} where sep is the separator, like ; or / and join is the text to concatenate the items.
%ifdef{field}, %ifdef{field,truetext} or %ifdef{field,truetext,falsetext}: Checks if an flexible attribute field is defined. If it exists, then return truetext or field (default). Otherwise, returns falsetext. The field should be entered without $. Note that this doesn't work with built-in itemfields, as they are always defined.

Plugins can extend beets with more template functions (see templ_plugins).

Album Disambiguation

Occasionally, bands release two albums with the same name (c.f. Crystal Castles, Weezer, and any situation where a single has the same name as an album or EP). Beets ships with special support, in the form of the %aunique{} template function, to avoid placing two identically-named albums in the same directory on disk.

The aunique function detects situations where two albums have some identical fields and emits text from additional fields to disambiguate the albums. For example, if you have both Crystal Castles albums in your library, %aunique{} will expand to "[2008]" for one album and "[2010]" for the other. The function detects that you have two albums with the same artist and title but that they have different release years.

For full flexibility, the %aunique function takes three arguments. The first two are whitespace-separated lists of album field names: a set of identifiers and a set of disambiguators. The third argument is a pair of characters used to surround the disambiguator.

Any group of albums with identical values for all the identifiers will be considered "duplicates". Then, the function tries each disambiguator field, looking for one that distinguishes each of the duplicate albums from each other. The first such field is used as the result for %aunique. If no field suffices, an arbitrary number is used to distinguish the two albums.

The default identifiers are albumartist album and the default disambiguators are albumtype year label catalognum albumdisambig releasegroupdisambig. So you can get reasonable disambiguation behavior if you just use %aunique{} with no parameters in your path forms (as in the default path formats), but you can customize the disambiguation if, for example, you include the year by default in path formats.

The default characters used as brackets are []. To change this, provide a third argument to the %aunique function consisting of two characters: the left and right brackets. Or, to turn off bracketing entirely, leave argument blank.

One caveat: When you import an album that is named identically to one already in your library, the first album—the one already in your library— will not consider itself a duplicate at import time. This means that %aunique{} will expand to nothing for this album and no disambiguation string will be used at its import time. Only the second album will receive a disambiguation string. If you want to add the disambiguation string to both albums, just run beet move (possibly restricted by a query) to update the paths for the albums.

Syntax Details

The characters $, %, {, }, and , are "special" in the path template syntax. This means that, for example, if you want a % character to appear in your paths, you'll need to be careful that you don't accidentally write a function call. To escape any of these characters (except {, and , outside a function argument), prefix it with a $. For example, $$ becomes $; $% becomes %, etc. The only exceptions are:

${, which is ambiguous with the variable reference syntax (like ${title}). To insert a { alone, it's always sufficient to just type {.
commas are used as argument separators in function calls. Inside of a function's argument, use $, to get a literal , character. Outside of any function argument, escaping is not necessary: , by itself will produce , in the output.

If a value or function is undefined, the syntax is simply left unreplaced. For example, if you write $foo in a path template, this will yield $foo in the resulting paths because "foo" is not a valid field name. The same is true of syntax errors like unclosed {} pairs; if you ever see template syntax constructs leaking into your paths, check your template for errors.

If an error occurs in the Python code that implements a function, the function call will be expanded to a string that describes the exception so you can debug your template. For example, the second parameter to %left must be an integer; if you write %left{foo,bar}, this will be expanded to something like <ValueError: invalid literal for int()>.

Available Values

Here's a list of the different values available to path formats. The current list can be found definitively by running the command beet fields. Note that plugins can add new (or replace existing) template values (see templ_plugins).

Ordinary metadata:

title
artist
artist_sort: The "sort name" of the track artist (e.g., "Beatles, The" or "White, Jack").
artist_credit: The track-specific artist credit name, which may be a variation of the artist's "canonical" name.
album
albumartist: The artist for the entire album, which may be different from the artists for the individual tracks.
albumartist_sort
albumartist_credit
genre
composer
grouping
year, month, day: The release date of the specific release.
original_year, original_month, original_day: The release date of the original version of the album.
track
tracktotal
disc
disctotal
lyrics
comments
bpm
comp: Compilation flag.
albumtype: The MusicBrainz album type; the MusicBrainz wiki has a list of type names.
label
asin
catalognum
script
language
country
albumstatus
media
albumdisambig
disctitle
encoder

Audio information:

length (in seconds)
bitrate (in kilobits per second, with units: e.g., "192kbps")
bitrate_mode (e.g., "CBR", "VBR" or "ABR", only available for the MP3 format)
encoder_info (e.g., "LAME 3.97.0", only available for some formats)
encoder_settings (e.g., "-V2", only available for the MP3 format)
format (e.g., "MP3" or "FLAC")
channels
bitdepth (only available for some formats)
samplerate (in kilohertz, with units: e.g., "48kHz")

MusicBrainz and fingerprint information:

mb_trackid
mb_releasetrackid
mb_albumid
mb_artistid
mb_albumartistid
mb_releasegroupid
acoustid_fingerprint
acoustid_id

Library metadata:

mtime: The modification time of the audio file.
added: The date and time that the music was added to your library.
path: The item's filename.

Template functions and values provided by plugins

Beets plugins can provide additional fields and functions to templates. See the /plugins/index page for a full list of plugins. Some plugin-provided constructs include:

$missing by /plugins/missing: The number of missing tracks per album.
%bucket{text} by /plugins/bucket: Substitute a string by the range it belongs to.
%the{text} by /plugins/the: Moves English articles to ends of strings.

The /plugins/inline lets you define template fields in your beets configuration file using Python snippets. And for more advanced processing, you can go all-in and write a dedicated plugin to register your own fields and functions (see writing-plugins).